Modern visual catering operations are high and safe procedures that allow us to eliminate almost all ophthalmic problems.They have been used successfully for several decades, so that the methods develop, develop, develop and become more effective.The improvement of visual functions is obtained using a material correction of the form of the cornea, the objective, the retina and other elements of the optical system of the eye.The properly selected technology not only makes it possible to completely restore vision, but also to reduce the risk of complications.From the article, you will learn which ophthalmic operations, the user -user indications and the possible risks exist.
Guys
Thanks to the development of material methods of medicine, visual and mini-invasive procedures are reliable and not very invasive.Their duration does not exceed several hours and, in the future, it is not necessary for complex rehabilitation measures.The choice of the surgical treatment method is chosen according to the disease, age and general condition of the patient's visual apparatus.
Laser correction
The most popular type of operation to correct visual acuity.Today, it is high methods of refined technology that have high efficiency and a minimum risk of complications.You allow to face myopia, hiding and astigmatism.After the procedure, visual acuity is maintained for a long time, and if you follow all the instructions of an ophthalmologist, you can completely avoid repeated intervention.There are several types of laser correction:
- Lasik.The basic type of operation to restore visual acuity.First, the surface layer of the cornea is separated by a microcarate, then, using a laser radius, a change of shape is made.The main drawback of this type of correction is the inability to take into account the individual characteristics of the patient's ocular anatomy;
- Super Lasik.An advanced version of the traditional Lasik methodology.Allows you to obtain a better result, because it takes into account the structure of the patient's visual system.Used in most modern clinics in the world;
- Femto Lasik.A similar type of operation, the only difference is that the cutting of the cornea is made not by a microcarat, but by a special femo laser.There is an improved version in which the course of the operation depends on the individual characteristics of the patient - Super Femto Lasik;
- Epi-Lasik.The mechanism of the procedure is identical to the traditional Lasik method, but such an operation is only prescribed to patients with a slim administered cornea (acquired or congenital);
- PRK (FRK).Photo refractive keratectomy has been carried out since 1985. Today, it is applied in the presence of contraindications to ordinary correction methods, for example, with a subtle cornea, serious ophthalmic diseases.The healing process is always painful, the recovery period lasts longer than in other methods.
Visual correction operations do not last more than 15 minutes.After the procedure, wearing a protective dressing for several hours, as well as the instillation of the drops for 1 to 2 months, is necessary.The risk of complications is minimal, repeated treatment is necessary with a significant decrease in vision.
Glass
It is a procedure for the complete or partial elimination of the glassy body of the eyeball.It is carried out under general or local anesthesia, in the absence of complications, it passes in 2-3 hours.First, small bites are made in the goldel, through which subsequent manipulations are carried out.As a rule, it is a cauterization by a laser of the affected areas of the retina, the densification of the foreigner or the restoration of the integrity of the fabric.The procedure is prescribed for the following problems:
- restoration of visual functions after hemorrhage in the tissues of the eye;
- prevention of retinal detachment linked to age;
- Treatment of severe eyes retinopathy in which raw scars or neovascularization (germination of blood vessels) occur.
Artificial polymers, gas bubble, silicone oil or a balanced salt solution are used to replace the glassy body.The latter type is used more often, because in the future, a repeated operation is not required - the salt solution is then replaced by intraocular fluid.
After surgery, side effects are possible in the form of swelling of the cornea, increasing intraocular pressure, or even more vision.The restoration and forecasts depend on the immensity of the lesion, as well as the type of prosthesis during the replacement of the vitreous body.If there are irreversible changes in the optic nerve, the correction of the vision is almost impossible.
Scrleroplasty
A common ophthalmic procedure aimed at strengthening the outer shell of the eye (sclère).It is prescribed not to correct the visual functions, but to stabilize the degree of myopia in the patient of the group at risk.It is recommended to be done by adolescents suffering from this problem, because at this age, the shape of the eye changes actively.
During the operation, the required quantity of material flaps to strengthen the sclère is introduced behind the rear wall of the eyeball.Polymers or organic components are generally used.After that, a point occurs with the outer shell of the eye, and after a few months, the blood vessels necessary to maintain visual functions develop in the shutter.There is a simplified version of scleroplasty.It is an introduction of an artificial or biological substance for the eyeball.The mechanism of action in such technology is identical - preventing the growth of the eyeball.
Scrleroplasty
This is a well -studied operation that hardly changes over the years.It is carried out in most clinics.There was practically no side effects, with the exception of possible allergies to the drug.A second operation is generally required.
Replacement of the objective
The necessary operation, which is prescribed during the agitation or any other degenerative process with the objective, for example, of the cataracts.The treatment is always forced, but the implant is individually selected, depending on the age, sex and severity of pathological changes in the eye.Crystal replacement is prescribed in the following cases:
- high degrees of myopia and grassy;
- significant decrease in refraction;
- Regenerative process in the eye, decrease linked to the age of vision;
- the impossibility of restoring laser vision;
- cataract;
- The probability of developing glaucoma in a context of a systemic or ophthalmic disease.
The procedure always takes place under local anesthesia.During the operation, the surgeon makes a small incision with a laser, after which the diluted patient's objective with a special tool and removes it from the eye.After that, a prepared transplant is installed.The intervention does not last more than 25 minutes, the subsequent taxation of seams and recovery at the hospital is not required.
The operation is carried out in most private and state clinics.There are generally no complications after handling, but the subsequent laser vision correction is often prescribed.In rare cases, a re-replacement of the lens is necessary.
Keratoplasty (replacement of the cornea)
One of the most modern and complex ophthalmic operations, which is associated with many risks and requires a high qualification of the surgeon.It is necessary to restore anatomical integrity and the physiological functions of the cornea.It is prescribed for the processing of congenital or acquired defects obtained as a result of injuries or diseases.A healthy fabric for transplantation is taken only from donors, but the development of artificial replacement is carried out in many countries.Kératoplasty is recommended to solve the following problems:
- Treatment of corneal diseases (Belko, tone disorders);
- mechanical or chemical damage;
- Congenital defects.
The operation is not carried out at a maximum of 30 minutes.During the procedure, the surgeon with a special laser or scalpel eliminates part of the patient's cornea and fabric donor implants in his place.The seams can persist up to a year, after which a special lens is selected to reduce the risk of infections.The recovery period is from 4 weeks, during which the antibiotic is necessary, but regular examinations are necessary for the following year.
In recent years, it has been possible to considerably reduce the risk of rejection of the donor fabric due to the use of special compositions during its treatment and preservation.
Retina laser coagulation
The operational method of restoring retinal fabric.The effectiveness of the method is greater than 70% and already 24 hours after its implementation, you can return to the usual lifestyle.Observations by an ophthalmologist are necessary in the year following the procedure.
Today, the operation is carried out using a laser, which allows you to do without blood loss.Anesthesia is carried out under the local, the procedural time does not take more than 20 minutes.
Before exposure to the laser, Drip falls to extend the pupil, then put a special protection lens, through which the exposure occurs at low frequency.Due to high temperatures, gluing damaged cells, as well as small blood vessels.
The coagulation procedure is necessary for any damage and pathologies of the retina, as well as with the eyes and diseases of the vascular system of this organ.After the operation, inflammation and obstruction are possible.For several years after correction, it is impossible to engage in heavy physical work and active sports.
Retication
An effective method to treat various corneal diseases.It is carried out to strengthen ligaments and other fibers in corneal tissues, which is necessary for the keratoconus of various degrees or degenerative processes, dystrophy.
The operation is carried out under local anesthesia.First of all, a small part of the cornea is cut with a special device and vitamin B2 is instilled in the open area.Subsequent irradiation allows you to compact tissues by more than 200%.The first week after the operation, it is necessary to wear a protective contact lens and for 6 months to be examined by a doctor.The effect of the procedure persists for 10 years, then a repeated operation is necessary.
Complications are observed in rare cases.The patient can decrease vision, inflammation or corneal disorder may occur.
Glaucoma treatment
The ophthalmological operation for various degrees of glaucoma is necessary when pharmacotherapy does not provide the necessary result.The operation is carried out using a laser or surgically.
The laser method is considered the most successful.It is completely painless for the patient, and there is practically no complications.During the procedure, a hole is made with a beam through which the liquid is removed from the tissues from the eye to normalize the pressure.It is used to treat all types of glaucoma.
The type of manual surgical operation is less effective because there is a risk of complications after the procedure.As a rule, it is a deep non -director sclerectomy.The purpose of the method is to reduce intraocular pressure using slight slim of the corneal layer.
The effect after the two types of operations is reduced over time.On average, after 5 to 7 years, a second operation is required.This period can be prolonged using competent drug treatment.
Conclusions
Today, in most modern ophthalmic clinics, a number of surgical procedures are carried out for the correction of the vision.These are high precise technology methods with which you can resolve almost any eye defects.The choice of method depends on a number of factors - age, illness, individual characteristics of the patient's visual system structure.After the operation, the effect occurs almost immediately, and if all the doctor's prescriptions are observed, visual acuity can be kept for a long time.